The single phase approximation is valid when the vapor generation is low. The results from both approaches are in good agreement with experiments. Results from the two approaches are compared with measurements in a channel flow.

In this article a numerical wall boiling model is implemented within both, a single phase and the mixture multiphase frameworks. While detailed resolution of the liquid and vapor phases in nucleate boiling using a two fluid model is excessively computationally expensive, the homogeneous mixture multiphase framework is a good compromise between resolution and computational cost. With increase in specific power and the resulting higher thermal loads, accounting for the presence of the vapor phase using a multiphase framework is required in certain conditions, despite the higher computational costs. Computational analysis of nucleate boiling occurring in liquid cooled applications, such as internal combustion engines is often implemented within a single phase Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) framework, owing to low vapor fractions involved.

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